快速整合论坛到Wordpress的方案 : The sky of Daemon!

快速整合论坛到Wordpress的方案 : The sky of Daemon!


Wordpress是一个强大的工具，Blog是它的一个最基础的应用，另外你也可以用它来打造一个Thumblog，PhotoBlog或者是CMS系统，而也许某些人还会有想在Wordpress中整合一个论坛这样的需求。可能很人首先想到的是bbpress，确实这是个挺棒的工具。不过其实我们有更多的方案可供选择，在”Integrating a Forum with WordPress“一文中就列出了这些方案，这里有中文版：整合论坛到Wordpress。

这篇文章中列出了使用Simple Machines Forum (SMF)、Vanilla、bbPress、phpBB、PunBB这六种使用外部的BBS程序整合到Wordpress中的方案，但个人认为虽然这样的配置强能会显得非常的强大，但安装和整合相对就比较麻烦和费力了。因此，如果你想进行快速整合的话，个人还是建议文中提到的另两个一站式Wordpress论坛插件，分别为RS Discuss及XDForum。

我的最终选择是XDForum，试验性的安装了一下，安装过程非常简单，与安装普通的Wordpress插件一样方便，而且与Wordpress后台及前台无缝结合，缺点在于目前还没有中文语言包。

这里有一个DEMO：http://news.bsdos.cn/forum

而关于这两个插件的详细介绍如下[摘自整合论坛到Wordpress]：

1. RS Discuss
   还在Alpha的测试阶段，RS Discuss就已经被赋予了一整套的强大功能，包括多论坛、搜索、主题、后台管理、聚合等等。因为其本身是个WP插件所无需后台整合。完整的前台/设计整合方法的文档目前还没有（到是有些散碎的信息），不过我觉得通过调试template.css就可以大作文章。也可以通过Forum > Configuration中的”dynamic theming”选项来达到一定程度的前台整合。
2. XDForum
   和RS Discuss相比这个论坛插件更为稳定，并且具备了绝大多数的所需功能。和RS Discuss一样不需后台整合。一样也没相关的前台整合的指南，一样可以自行调试xdforum.css。

PS：关于Vanilla及bbPress的详细安装方法煎蛋有相应的教程，你可以进行参考。Vanilla 杂谈 bbpress 杂谈

9月智慧言论集 - 左岸读书_blog

9月智慧言论集 - 左岸读书_blog

1.中外合作一度发展得很好，但在度过“蜜月”之后，双方的关系开始微妙起来。从目前的一些案例来看，不少外资已经“反客为主”。因为，独资可 以减少交易成本，更有效地实现跨国公司的战略意图。于是，老谋深算的跨国公司便通过一系列资本控制或管理控制的手段，使缺少经验的中方对合资企业逐渐失去 掌控，成为沉默的伙伴，最后，将中方从股东名单中删除。
企业之间的关系，除了利益，还是利益。跨国公司不是雷峰，一开始的不控股、提供技术和管理，放手让中方经营只是权宜之计，最终目的，是要掌控你、拥有你。因此，跨国公司在中国的投资大多遵循“合资－控股－独资”的发展轨迹。 —— 成都商报 《中外企业的跨国婚姻烦恼》

2. 王明夫：我不是品牌管理专家，我是战略咨询专家。我改了一下，因为他现场讲的时候我差点哭了，我刚改过不会忘。一只小蚂蚁在地上爬，在地上爬，太阳升起来 了，太阳下山了，一只小蚂蚁在地上爬，在地上爬，老人远看望着夕阳西下了，他看见一只小蚂蚁在地上爬，眼泪静静地流，静静地流，一只小蚂蚁在地上爬，在地 上爬。我朗诵完了。
(掌声)
你知道我给诗起的什么名字吗？
主持人王小丫：什么名字？爬啊爬？
王明夫：非常简单，叫《大地昌盛》，就是俞敏洪在北大的时候能写出这种诗来，注定了他若干年后比北大同学风光得多。 —— 经济半小时 《财富论坛：2006CCTV经济年度人物候选人俞敏洪》

3. 品牌企业要面对的是消费者，这和代工时期的游戏规则完全不同。要明白，做品牌有大量的钱花出去是看不到回报的。投入产出比和投入产出的时间差也都和以前有 所不同。不了解这一点，很容易在形成良性资金回流之前就支撑不住。而且做代工，相对来说商业环节毕竟简单；一旦做品牌，环节则大大增多：要面对自己的营销 队伍，面对媒体和公众、代理商。没有良好的意志力，也是很难坚持的。
从营销层面上讲，代工的转型是从“三无”开始转变的过程：无品牌、无分销网络、无营销队伍。以前的客户基本归零；以前的队伍因为理念完全不同甚至还会成为阻碍。但这些，恰恰正是做品牌最至关重要的三把利剑。
……
做企业经营，有时不在于先着急把短处全部补齐，而是在于把你的优势发挥到最长。要具备整合和调动资源的能力，让外界的资源来补充自己。 —— 中外管理 《挑战下一个弯道》

4.所谓经济人，有两层含义：一是说人是理性的；二是指人是自私的。既然人是自私的，必定要追求自己利益的最大化；既然人是理性的，就一定会寻求在局限条件下实现利益最大化的办法。 —— 王东京 《中国官场三大定律》

5.一般来说，企业继承人的产生途径主要有三种：内部培养、外部搜寻、子承父业。这几种传承途径孰优孰劣很难绝对评判。
基于东方文化的影响，许多民营企业家早早便认定了“子承父业”的宿命，但“计划生育国策”使得企业传承在人才选择面上受到了极大局限。很多民企“家长”仅仅出于姓氏的“企本”而让不适合的晚辈赶鸭子上架。
而放弃家族传承，选择多年培养与提拔的内部接班人，当然可以很好地秉承前任的管理思路与风格。但在给企业带来稳定的同时，这些谨慎的学徒往往也容易陷入墨守成规的泥沼，对“老掌柜”的忌惮，容易使其在需要魄力时缩手缩脚。
引进外部职业经理人，固然可以大刀阔斧，可以带来新气象，但却难免在鲁莽中伤害企业内错综复杂的关系，在履新中得不到元老信任而举步维艰。更何况在目前的 中国，缺乏信用和有效的制约机制，缺乏具有足够职业操守的经理人群体，“家长”与职业经理人之间的信任关系很难在短期内建立。心存芥蒂、边用边防，变成了 令人尴尬的职场现实。
而在国有企业，一方面，政府任命的形式使许多“老家长”对企业的传承无力左右，而索性疏于考虑，而听任外行人摆布与垂涎者侵占；另一方面，怀揣任命书的外 来继任者往往本能地将“老家长”的痕迹从企业彻底去除，将“老规矩”说得一无是处，于是企业便在革命的动荡与折腾的起伏中元气大伤。 —— 纪亮 《茅台交班》

6.我觉得一个重要的原因，是因为我们抛弃了游戏的全民化基础，抛弃了游戏创意产业的特性，关起门来搞所谓的精英开发，用一个人、一个团队的智慧去迎合或者对抗千千万万用户和竞争对手的智慧，这是成功离开我们的根本原因。
游戏是真正的直击内心的东西。从辩证法来看，形式越是千变万化，越能够直击内心，反过来讲，越是想直击内心，就越不能拘泥于形式。商业模式的变化也是这样，我们什么都可以丢弃，但是不能放弃对人性的掌握。
有人说有钱人花钱买级别买装备，破坏了公平原则。关键是你要理解什么是公平？原来我认为时间是衡量一个人投入唯一的计量工具，但是我把它变成了3个指标： 时间、金钱和智慧，这三点应该可以互相被取代，这个社会应该让富人、勤快人和聪明人都能同时到达终点，才是公平的。 —— 陈天桥
利害！强人爱财不但取之有道，还言之有理。

7. “在一个社区里，我们只记录了他们的虚拟金币，而没有记录他们的经验值。”陈天桥认为，这才是关键。他决定在游戏和管理之间作一次大胆的嫁接。
于是在刚刚进行了历年来力度最大的一次调薪之后，盛大开始在企业内部推出了“游戏式管理”模式。“这将是盛大最后一次手工调薪，今后所有的调薪、晋级都将 由经验值说了算。”盛大高级副总裁张燕梅解释道。这种“游戏式管理”的核心就是所有的员工都将像游戏中的人物一样拥有一个经验值，平时的表现和工作业绩， 将被经验值忠实地记录。经验值区分为“时间经验值”和“项目经验值”两部分，前者就像游戏里面一般的打怪升级，只要不犯错误，经验值就随着时间的推移自然 增长；而后者就如同游戏里面的“做任务”、“做副本”，以项目为单位拿到更多的经验值。什么时候给员工晋升和加薪，原来是上司或者人事部门说了算，现在是 ‘经验值’说了算——级别到了就“自动”得到晋升或加薪的机会。
盛大内部酝酿“游戏式管理”已经有近一年时间，光是建立计算经验值的数学模型就花了半年的时间，目前已经形成了专业岗位和管理岗位的“双梯”发展序列，每 一个级别都对应不同的经验值。同时，为了配合游戏式管理，盛大内部的信息化系统也已经全面和游戏式管理挂钩，所有的员工都可以实时查询并管理自己的经验 值。 —— 刘湘明 《陈天桥的互联网世界观》

8.对于“80后”来说，“说教”俨然已经渐渐失去了意义，他们更渴望“用自己的眼睛去看世界”，他们有自己独立的判断，不需要你去指手划脚。
因此，对于主管来说，不要试图通过“说教”、“思维教育”来改造“80后”。良好的沟通能力、具有感染力的演说、深刻的思想（起码是可以自圆其说的深 刻）、专业的技能，才是领导好“80后”的前提。也就是说，你必须要让他们在某一方面欣赏甚至崇拜你。 —— 子荷/庄文静 《“80后”太自我，怎么管？》

9.柳传志将自己的成功归结为“知道自己应该做什么事，不该做什么事”。柳传志将企业家的失败总结为三点：
一是没有把目标想清楚。有很多企业家做企业，做着做着就想向政治靠拢了，有心参与政治，结果却把企业做死了。
二是一些企业家拿了不属于自己的东西，侵犯了股东的，甚至是国家的利益。
三是把长跑当成了短跑。企业成长犹如跑步，倘若一万米有25圈，有的企业家为了得到眼光追逐，前5圈拼命发力领跑，力气很快用完，5圈之后便退下来。 —— 王晓慧 《离开联想的柳传志》

10. 东方卫视有一档方宏进主持的财经访谈类节目——《中国经营者》，黄光裕在这个栏目作访谈时，有段表述很有些意思，他说：我肯定给家电业带来的影响是正面 的，只不过加速他们进步或者淘汰。应该是大家利润越来越合理，通过提高核心能力，去提高企业自身的竞争力，不管商家还是厂家，你不能说，我付出了，我就要 有所回报，不可能，那就没有能人或者是平凡人之说了。
其实他的这段表述中就提到了三种矛盾显现出的普遍性与特殊性，众所周知，厂商博弈只会使得竞争越来越充分、市场越来越规范，这是一种共性。但黄强调指出， 我（国美）的出现加速了这种变化，这就是特殊性了；竞争的最终结果是使得行业利润趋同，这是一种共性。但通过提高核心竞争力，拥有比竞争对手更强的竞争 力，于是也会有更强的获利能力，这也是一种特殊性；都说“付出就有回报”，这是一种共性。但是能人的特殊性就体现在回报的高收益上。所以我们听听黄光裕的 三句话，句句在自夸。的确他现在有自夸的资本，这既是成功人士的一种共性，又是他这种特别成功人士体现出来的一种特殊性。 —— 黄江伟 《矛盾： 也是一种生产力》

国美是一个十足的家族企业管理模式，黄光裕的家属们多在公司担任高层管理工作。黄是国美大老板，他的妻子杜鹃管 理着香港国美，他的妹妹黄秀虹为华东区总经理，二妹夫张志铭是多个机构的负责人，他的母亲管理着国美投资公司，他的父亲有时也来公司做一些事情。尽管黄光 裕对外拒绝承认国美是他的家族企业，但从股权上看，国美的财富97%以上是控制在他个人手中的。在国美，除了黄光裕及家人外，外姓管理层还不曾分得一股。
财富与职权，这是看得见的，有心想改变为人诟病的现状，对于聪明的黄也不难，难的是企业文化的改造。国美的企业风格是重"勇猛"而轻"谋略"，重"人治" 而轻"法治"，重"控制"而轻"指导"，重"惩罚"而轻"奖励"，重"服从"而轻"沟通"……在国美发展初期，企业在频繁的攻城掠地的战争中形成了现有文 化中的杀斗之气，血腥之味，这种勇猛对于创业企业是有益的，但是对于做到一定规模的国美企业，它的可持续发展需要一种人性化的管理，这种管理做得好，要" 取悦客户，取悦员工"，但是现在的国美，仍然是"单赢"思维占主导。
李嘉诚是黄想学习的企业家之一，但是黄现在还做不到李嘉诚那样的海量与胸怀。"李嘉诚是一个让人敬重的企业家，而到目前为止，黄仍然只是一个商人，只是从 小商人变成了大商人而已。"一位不愿透露姓名的国美员工对记者说。 —— 李平 《黄光裕“黑帮”式用人 揭开一个真实的国美》

黄滨谈小提琴演奏(转贴)

和黄滨谈音乐与小提琴 第二期：演奏小提琴――发音

演奏小提琴怎样才能发出悦耳的声音？这是几乎每一个学习小提琴的人都会问的一个问题，也有很多人问过我这个问题。我反复想过怎样回答，后来发现，这可能是小提琴演奏中最难回答的问题之一。一位演奏家在演奏一个乐曲时，发音好不好，虽然需要从很多方面来评判，但基本还是：声音的穿透力、力度的掌握、音色是否符合乐曲的要求。而这些，都必须掌握在演奏者手中。

其实，小提琴是最有灵气的乐器，如果你掌握得好，它就像有生命一样，能发出你真正需要的声音。一般以为，只有好琴才能发出好的声音，但是如果只有那些价值连城的名琴才算好琴的话，那么，世界上也没有几个小提琴家能自己拥有一把那样的琴。其实，只要不是太差的琴，所用方法正确，也可以发出很不错的声音。用不正确的方法拉琴，很好的琴，也只能发出难听的声音。而且，一个好的小提琴家，经过较长时间，可以将一把一般的小提琴"拉成"一把很不错的琴，而一把很好的小提琴，被不对的方法长期乱拉，可能会变成一把不怎么样的琴，所以，对那些特别好的琴，总要说明它曾经由哪位（些）小提琴家使用。所以，我们说小提琴通人性。

有人问我："你是怎么发出那样的声音的？"其实，我认为没有什么特别的地方。小提琴的发音很奇怪，你得自己先搞清楚，你到底需要发出什么样的声音，你不能只满足于音量、音准和节奏。如果没有好的音色，即使音量很大，它也没有穿透力，声音会显得"混浊"，"涩"和"不透明"。现在的关键问题是，自己想要的声音是不是小提琴应该发出的优美的声音呢？我想，不同的人对什么是美的声音有不同的感受，小提琴家也是一样。如同音准问题，有些人天生有很好的音准判断能力，而有些人不幸没有这种天生的判断力，他们误以为自己发出的音是准的，但实际上却是不准的，他们要经过专门训练，才可能解决音准问题。类似的，可能有些人对音色的判断也会有问题，因此，他们拉小提琴发出的声音别人听来不美，但他们自己以为是美的。对音色的判断能力，或者更准确一些说，对音色的感受，比音准更难训练，因为，不像音高可以用多少赫兹来定量判断，没有一个数据可以作为判断音色美不美的标准。那么，解决判断音色问题的唯一办法可能是多听那些公认发音特别好的演奏家的演奏，仔细感受和体会，逐步形成自己内在的一种品质。这样，你会逐步形成一种自己内在的对一种美的声音的感受和追求，然后，你才有可能通过不断改进自己的演奏技术，去摸索、寻找和找到那种声音。这个过程，有些人很快就可以完成，有些人会慢一些，可能还有一些人永远也体会不到。

一般而言，对优美的声音的描述总是用"有穿透力"、"清澈透明"等形容词，要发出这样的声音，小提琴演奏有一些基本的技术要点，这对每个人都是一样。例如手指按弦，一定要有一定的力度将按弦到指板上（泛音除外），抬起来要干脆利索，要有弹性，弓子的接触点应该根据左手手指的位置进行调整。如果做不到这些，则肯定发不出有穿透力的声音。我们以后再逐步谈这些基本方法。但更多的是必须通过自己摸索找到自己想要的声音。如果老师对学生说，这个声音不好听，要什么什么样的声音才对，其实是没有什么用处的，因为，每一个学生其实都在尽可能发出自己认为好听的声音，而且，一般都认为自己发音的方法是正确的。可能最好的办法是给学生示范，让学生感受应该发出什么样的音，同时说明应该用什么方法拉出那样的声音。

基本技术要点

请参考本网站基础知识栏目中关于持琴、握弓、左手等姿势的图片说明。

从基本技术角度看，演奏小提琴怎样才能发出悦耳的声音。首先，从初学开始，就要牢牢记住，拉小提琴时，身体任何部位，不能有别扭的感觉。所有常见乐器中，只有拉小提琴和中提琴用这种独特的方式，它与人的基本自然姿势很不一样，所以，拉小提琴很容易感到别扭，如果不通过长期专门练习和锻炼，身体总会有某个部位紧张。在这种紧张的状态下，不可能拉出优美的声音。

持琴要点：眼睛正对琴头、在1－3把位，左手手指能垂直按A弦时，左臂应该在琴背的下面，小提琴是放在肩上并用左手大拇指和食指（第1指）的指根关节处托住的，既不要将琴压在肩上，也不要将肩耸起来夹琴。一般应该将琴举高一点，至少应该达到水平位置。很多专业人士都认为，应该用左肩和左下颚将小提琴稳定地夹住，这样才可以使自己的左臂完全自由和和放松，为了实现这一点，很多人都认为需要肩垫帮助。但也有持相反意见的人，他们认为，使用肩垫反而会引起左臂和左肩紧张，因而会影响小提琴的发音，使音质变差。奥厄（Leopold Auer）也是这样的观点。奥厄是小提琴大师顿特和约阿希姆的学生，是历史上最伟大的小提琴教师之一。他的学生包括米夏·艾尔曼（Mischa Elman）和亚莎·海菲兹（Jascha Heifetz）。仔细分析后我们可以知道，要使左手指有力地将弦按到指板上（这对发音十分重要），左手必须将琴托住，所以，演奏过程中，绝大多数时间，并不需要演奏者将琴牢牢夹住，而是将琴放在左锁骨上，用左下颚轻轻夹住它。至于用肩垫还是不用肩垫，并不是关键，应该根据个人情况决定。

左手手形：

拉小提琴左手正确手形可以用下述办法判断：

想想自己是怎样松松地握拳的，一般，大拇指将对着2、3指之间。

再练习下面两种方法，同时用1、2、3、4指在一把位分别按一根弦。

• 方法一：1指按E弦的F音、2指按A弦的C音、3指按D弦的G音、4指按G弦的D音，此时，大拇指应该对着2、3指之间的位置。
• 方法二：1指按G弦的降A音、2指按D弦的F音、3指按A弦的D音、4指按E弦的B音，此时，大拇指应该对着2、3指之间稍靠近3指的位置。
• 每个手指只按一根弦，而不碰到其它弦，按弦的手指都应该差不多与指板垂直。
• 这两种方法练习左手手形时，左臂保持在琴背下面，
• 方法二比方法一，左臂应该更向内（向右）一些。

手指按弦的压力：将弦按到指板上需要有一定的、足够的力度，为了获得美的发音，按下去要果断、结实，抬起来要干脆利索，富有弹性。对绝大多数人，要做到这一点，都很不容易，需要经过长期专门练习，特别在高把位和使用较弱的第4指。因为各人条件不同，每个人应该根据自己的具体情况和老师一起制定练习计划。每天都应该对此进行专门训练，开始时，一次时间不能太长（不超过10分钟），像体育锻炼一样，要有计划耐心地、科学地增加运动量，完全不感到累就停止，将达不到锻炼效果，一次太累，又可能受伤，后果可能是肌肉劳损而不能继续拉琴。这一点，需要特别用心和小心。

握弓：轻松地握弓，逐步练习到好像弓子自己在运动，演奏者只是稍许扶住它，练到这样的程度，弓子就像是自己右手的一部分。过分地用弓子压琴弦，不可能获取大音量，相反，只会将发音变坏。弓子走向要尽可能与琴码平行，可以先用弓子的中部练习，逐步增加长度，直至全弓。

放松：拉琴时，只有自己感到完全舒服，没有任何别扭，才可能发出美的声音，而要做到这一点，在演奏过程中，必须时刻注意放松。无论左手还是右手，用力的时候，必须要有一定程度的紧张，要通过有目的的练习，使自己在演奏进行中，能够抓住很短的乐句中的间隙，放松刚才还在因为发力而紧张的那一小部分肌肉，因而可以有很好的耐力，这一点，也和体育运动很相似。通过这样的练习，即使一次完整地演奏帕格尼尼24首随想曲，仍然可以做到轻松自如。不要以为帕格尼尼的24首随想曲是一般意义上的解决技术问题的练习曲，仅从技术上看，它并不是最难的。其实，它的每一首都是十分优美的音乐，要将里面的音乐表现的很优美，演奏时能做到轻松自如是必须的。

以上这些都是一些技术上必须遵循的最基本的原则，但更重要的还是必须形成一种自己内在的对一种美的声音的感受和追求，然后，你才有可能按照这些基本原则，仔细通过自己的听觉去判断，不断改进自己的演奏技术，摸索、寻找和找到那种你认为是美的发音。

我的小提琴老师

看到中国小提琴周刊这个征文题目，想都没有，觉得自己一定要参加，要好好感谢感谢自己的老师的。
于是扳指头一算，自己学琴已经3年半了。逝者如斯夫！
其实认识老师的时间可是比较长的了。应该是上个世纪末，97年左右的样子。一直是老师，给我讲生态、讲摄影、讲进化、讲杂志等等，然后经常在他的院子里面发现独具匠心的小制作、小工具、小发明，比如上压式饮水机解决长久留存病菌的问题等等。那个时候，认为老师是个没有进过大学门的饱学之士，同时还是动手专家。其博学、实践能力、研究精神，往往令我这个赶上好年头的晚辈后生汗颜不已。
再后来慢慢知道了，老师不仅能自己动手在一些科技的东西上，还能自己弹拨各种乐器，那时候，自己还分不清小提琴、中提琴、大提琴等等，分不清马头琴、二胡，看不懂交响音乐会上那么多阵仗究竟怎么运转的。不仅自己弹拨，后来才知道，老师小时候，也是学校里面重点培养的乐队指挥呢。如果不是赶上了那个让一代人唏嘘的年代，今天的老师，哦，年代。再往后还慢慢知道了，老师的音乐是有家传耳濡目染的先天影响的。更让人吃惊的还在后面，不仅自己拨弄乐器，老师常年科考在外，无以为遣的时候，居然能够从一小节儿木头最好只竹管和一小节儿铁丝中缔造一个乐器，然后自娱自乐，同时还能给队友们带来些轻松和快乐。
然而这一切于我何有哉？从小生在小城镇里，就像中国千千万万个普通小镇的普通家庭一样，家里没有音乐的熏染，学校没有什么音乐的教学，也许孩子的天性中有些天然喜欢哼哼歌曲的特性，于是就是学习了一些学校里面课堂上教唱的歌曲，考试还不见得怎样。广播或者电视里面的一些流行歌曲，倒也是学会了几首，自己唱唱而已。
乃至中学，慢慢了解中国古典文化之后，知道了中华古韵的高山流水和唐宋小调词牌的婉转清越，只是这种文字上得来的只能是诗意的想象，于是慢慢开始喜欢中国古乐和民乐的声音。那时候，西洋音乐在我的脑海里恐怕只有那个年代流行的欧美经典，和书本上了解的贝多芬。
因为了这样的“功底”，认识老师很久，也没有敢多说多谈音乐，更不用讲请老师教这样的想法，是想都不敢想的事情。这样的功底，还有人能教会么？
直到2004年的一天，清楚地记得，那是5月31号，老师邀请我和他另外一个同事到他家。多谢老师信任我，是希望我跟那个孩子交流一下职场心得之类。老师自己谦虚，说是自己的知识已经老了，新的很多东西不懂，然后依然尽长辈老师应尽的义务，在自己家里招呼两个后辈学习交流。何等博大的慈悲！
记得那天，说完正事，那孩子好奇得拿起老师客厅里的大大小小琴，试图想要弄明白叫什么？怎么玩儿？我呢还是自卑心理作怪，虽然这曾经是我很早就想做的事情。好在老师那里有不止一把琴，甚至不止两把，于是，老师告诉我，你也拿一把来试试？结果一试之下，我拉一下空弦的声音还不是那么刺耳，老师直夸我。连说不错，第一次接触小提琴，能发出这样的声音，已经很不错了。想不想学习？我可以教你。那一刻，我还能说什么？只觉得自己是天底下最幸运的人！就这样，我开始了我的小提琴之旅。
然而，面对我自己完全乐盲的基础，面对我理工科背景的理性，老师真的能教会我？万一学不会辜负了老师一片好心怎么办？
但是，我却忘记了，老师的理工科背景比我还强！因材施教，老师从物理学的原理开始给我讲小提琴的发音规律和结构和原理，从震动的物理频率本质来讲音的高低、强弱，从材料的物理特性讲音色的或润或亮。。。。。。似乎，音乐这个东西就是这样慢慢进入了我的视野。真不知道，除了老师这样的创意，这世界上还有没有像我一样这么学习小提琴的。
04年底，已经可以拉出来像是提琴的声音了。然后再半年，能够拉几首小曲子了。五线谱？练习曲？咱们先不用那些，用自己感兴趣的东西来学习，岂不是更好？就这样，断断续续地，老师不出差的时候，我周末到老师家里学习、聊天，其乐无穷。虽然，老师工作繁忙，经常出差。虽然，作为忙碌的IT人，我每天最多只有1小时的练习时间。但是05年中的时候，在中国小提琴联盟网络上认识的 莎贝达老师举行了一个小比赛，竟然，我上传了自己拉的曲子之后，还得了奖。我知道，这是专业人士不屑于的这种奖。对于一个成年学琴的音乐门外汉，是怎样一个鼓励？说到这里，不能不感谢沙老师和当年的小提琴论坛，那个论坛上我学到了不少，得到了不少专业指导，结识了些朋友。知道自己并不孤单的学习历程。
再后来，学习了三把位，五把位在自己的音乐感觉不到位的情况下，老师建议开始补充音乐知识和乐理的基础，开始补听乐感觉的欣赏功课。目前自己正在这里慢慢前行，不管进步如何，小提琴已经几乎是在三年不间断的陪伴下成了我生命中不可缺的一部分。很久了，哪怕只有半个小时，只要可能，就要练习，那一刻，一切都远去了，唯有音乐，唯有琴，唯有心中曾经的梦想和艺术的王国。。。
王老师，有您这样一位良师益友，吾生何幸！希望我一直能有这样的福分，能够得到您的指导和引领，在艺术，在科技，在人生！

归去来兮！读《迷失在专注中的Web2.0 》找自己

迷失在专注中的Web2.0 | It Talks-魏武挥的blog

既然不能直接收费，转向间接收费就变得理所当然。
一言以蔽之，就是广告。
于是，问题来了：广告主，是讲受众结构的！
结论就是：豆瓣，是一个很典型的垂直网站，聚焦于读书。
垂直性网站，这是Web1.0中的概念，相对于大而全的门户式水平网站而言，某些网站聚焦于某个行业，且在这个行业中做得风生水起，丝毫不输于甚至更强于门户的对应频道。最突出的例子莫过于中国化工网，一家号称每周都在盈利的聚焦于化工行业的1.0式网站。

你的用户是谁？所谓的三高人群(较大年龄、较多收入、较高社会地位)是没有任何意义的，因为你的广告主不是只需要互联网用户做它的客户。而基本上，互联网 本身就是三高人群扎堆的地方。太多的 Web2.0网站的用户特征，基本上就是互联网全体用户的特征。（想来不少人都是这样，没有想清楚的时候，只能一古脑全部讨好。可是，谁都想讨好的，往往谁都不认你。）于是，在排除了直接收费的生存模式之后，只留下了两条出路：
其一，搞大，要搞到连门户都敬畏的地步。。。对于规模很大实力很强的门户而言，开发几个功能，不是什么难事。毕竟，大部分的Web2.0应用并不需要什么高深的技术。（所以真正能找到好的技术作为起家根本的，大抵都还不错。只是，这种革命性的东西比较难于追求。而应用之巧在中国几乎没有空间）
其二，被收购。很多人都认为某某网站被巨头收购是成功的象征，但我从来不这么看。辛辛苦苦打下的一份基业，被人全盘收购，有什么好值得骄傲的。（深以为然。有什么好骄傲的？辛辛苦苦打下的基业，没有做过的人，可能真的很难体会，甚至只能看到被收购时候的所谓账面价值）

看到这篇文章，刚好结合昨晚上看到Wangtam的一篇文章中摘了一篇分析：育儿网站要web2.0还是权威。
说实话，看了标题之后我就把文章天然当作我自己对这个问题的思考展开了。刚好符合我最近在考虑的一些事情和想法的沉淀。权威可能不好听，但是很多领域，大家是需要专家意见的。虽然专家可能假冒，但是总比听那些不知所名的闲杂人的瞎掰靠些谱。毕竟我们生活中不靠谱的东西太多了。那么在专业领域比较强的地方，才是需要建立生产商和消费者中间专业人士普及和传播作用的空间。而且也是人家产生粘性的必要所在或者进而是付费的所在。
化工上可能瞬息万变的价格和专业壁垒，成就了一个专业的垂直网站，谁说他是大众的？非常小众，非常成功。这样的领域还不少，我选的方向看来有些个类似的特征。验证了自己的琢磨。

谢谢这样的好文章。传递了些信心给自己。

Emergent Business Networks - The Real Enterprise 2.0 Story

Emergent Business Networks - The Real Enterprise 2.0 Story

Written by Bernard Lunn / September 26, 2007 / 9 comments

In Chongquing, China - the world’s fastest-growing metropolis - hundreds of small motorcycle firms are using a radical form of collaboration to triple output to 15 million motorbikes per year, which beats their giant Japanese competitors. That story was told in the book “Wikinomics, how mass collaboration changes everything”. It's is a deeply impressive book, because it relates the flurry of Web 2.0 innovation to real world economics.

The Chinese motorcycle story is not about an online network, but it illustrates a potential for Web 2.0 technologies that goes well beyond today’s relatively simple consumer applications. The motorcycle entrepreneurs build trust through lots of face-to-face time in coffee shops. China has a weak rule of law, making personal relationships even more important.

This is an “emergent” business network, because there is no centrally defined structure. The structure emerges from lots of little interactions that are designed to solve specific problems. There is no “big Daddy” making the rules. These are not markets dominated by say Wal-Mart in retail or Microsoft in PCs.

In the West, these networks can develop online - linking wealthy, sophisticated clients who want a more customized product, with a network of companies who come together to assemble, package and deliver “just in time”. Think of these networks as a distributed, multi-company version of the supply chain network that made Dell a powerhouse.

Personalization and Customization

The coming wave of Online Emergent Business Networks is the real Enterprise 2.0 story. The impact on a large company from using Blogs, RSS and Wikis is not significant when the real guts of the business is locked into legacy ERP, SCM and CRM systems. These companies were built to deliver mass produced products for mass markets, whereas the coming wave is about personalization and customization. A couple of Blogs and Wikis won’t make that transformation happen!

These demanding but wealthy customers want something unique; a custom motorbike, grass fed beef from a farm near their weekend home, custom fit designer clothes, a self-published book of family memoirs, a leading edge solution to a relatively obscure healthcare problem. These kinds of products and services require a massive re-wiring of the current mass-market way of delivering products and services.

Food is one case where the transition to a new, more dynamic supply chain is critical. Reading Fast Food Nation will show that this is an urgent healthcare issue, not just a matter of consumer taste. However as this pioneering local food Diner in Vermont discovered, the supply chain is a massive obstacle.

The current Fortune 500 incumbents will not build these emergent business networks; they are threatened by them. Nor is it likely to be built by the few giant ERP vendors left who cater to those companies. So this sounds like a gap that startups can fill.

Key Elements of the Platform

The technical platform to enable these emergent business networks is non-trivial. It will need enterprise-scale technology for complex transactions that have to be 100% correct and secure. Plus everything has to be real time; this is the kind of technology that powers the capital markets today.

However, the word “emergent” is not one you associate with ERP or banking systems today. We are more likely to think of rigid, monolithic, spaghetti code - chaotic and fragile. These new platforms will need to be much, much more adaptable.

Key elements of the required platform will be:

1. Some elements from social networking, enabling market participants to describe themselves and link to trusted partners.

2. Adaptive personalization for consumers, enabling them to see the network through the prism of their specialized interests.

3. Systems for rating all marketing participants, which avoid ratings spam with authentication.

4. Systems for aggregating many small orders for lots of small producers, via one or more service providers, and arranging delivery just in time.

5. Wireless user interfaces for people who don’t "live on their PC", but who are out and about doing work.

6. Above all, all market participants need access to a common data pool. Even if some data is private, the meta-tags/model must be consistent. It must also be able to evolve as the network evolves.

7. A model based framework where business analysts can make changes to the business logic; and which creates the code (MDA and so on).

The business model for a system like this has to be transaction fees, as no big company plans to spend millions of dollars ripping out their ERP/banking systems any time soon. So the build has to be VC funded. It will be built on a mix of open source tools, industry standard XML models, open APIs and logical models.

In what markets will this happen?

These emergent business networks will evolve first where most of the following conditions exist:

1. A wealthy and discriminating consumer that wants that “little extra special something”. The new money that comes into the network from catering to their extra needs is the fuel that enables the network to grow, without any zero sum disintermediation.

2. Inventory has to be “fresh”; food for example, or even fashion.

3. Manufacturing is light and/or lots of it can be automated. This makes it possible to have production close to the consumer (not half way around the world), so can be delivered very quickly.

4. A network of specialist sub-contractors and service providers.

Let us know your thoughts on this - is this what you want to see in Enterprise 2.0? What other opportunities are there for startups?

Motorbike pic by chrisdrum

# 4

I basically love the article, but suggest these improvements:
* It's not "enterprise-scale technology", it's internet-scale. Different requirements, including loose coupling. Different ideas about how to provide transactional integrity.
* The technology can and most likely will be developed by the same kind of emergent business networks: loosely-coupled open-source collaborators.
* The appropriate logical model is called REA (Resources, Events and Agents): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resources,_Events,_Agents
http://www.aisvillage.com/rea25/haugen/beyondtheenterprise.html

Posted by: Bob Haugen | September 26, 2007 6:51 AM

# 9

After reading the article, I noticed that federated identity was not mentioned. It will be very important for Enterprise 2.0 to be able to track customers in a centralized way. I agree on the point about the value of reputation in any authentication system. However, across the boundaries of Wikis, Blogs, Discussion Boards, and Social Networks customers need to be able to travel with their identity. Companies need to be able to integrate all those touch points with customers into CRM and ERP.

Posted by: Chris Clark | September 26, 2007 10:52 AM

这是个很重要的结合点和关键的生意转化点.零散的用户信息和反馈和意见的表达和声音的表达才能够成为集中的企业决策的依据和基础数据源.How to?用户需要拿走自己的信息么?或者方便迁移走么?不是这样的话,travel with their identity什么意思？

» 说说大型高并发高负载网站的系统架构 俊麟 Michael`s blog

» 说说大型高并发高负载网站的系统架构 俊麟 Michael`s blog: "http://www.toplee.com/blog/wp-trackback.php?p=71"

说说大型高并发高负载网站的系统架构

By Michael

转载请保留出处：俊麟 Michael’s blog (http://www.toplee.com/blog/?p=71)
Trackback Url : http://www.toplee.com/blog/wp-trackback.php?p=71

　　我在CERNET做过拨号接入平台的搭建，而后在Yahoo&3721从事过搜索引擎前端开发，又在MOP处理过大型社区猫扑大杂烩的 架构升级等工作，同时自己接触和开发过不少大中型网站的模块，因此在大型网站应对高负载和并发的解决方案上有一些积累和经验，可以和大家一起探讨一下。

　　一个小型的网站，比如个人网站，可以使用最简单的html静态页面就实现了，配合一些图片达到美化效果，所有的页面均存放在一个目录下，这样的网站对 系统架构、性能的要求都很简单，随着互联网业务的不断丰富，网站相关的技术经过这些年的发展，已经细分到很细的方方面面，尤其对于大型网站来说，所采用的 技术更是涉及面非常广，从硬件到软件、编程语言、数据库、WebServer、防火墙等各个领域都有了很高的要求，已经不是原来简单的html静态网站所 能比拟的。

　　大型网站，比如门户网站。在面对大量用户访问、高并发请求方面，基本的解决方案集中在这样几个环节：使用高性能的服务器、高性能的数据库、高效率的编程语言、还有高性能的Web容器。但是除了这几个方面，还没法根本解决大型网站面临的高负载和高并发问题。

　　上面提供的几个解决思路在一定程度上也意味着更大的投入，并且这样的解决思路具备瓶颈，没有很好的扩展性，下面我从低成本、高性能和高扩张性的角度来说说我的一些经验。

1、HTML静态化
　　其实大家都知道，效率最高、消耗最小的就是纯静态化的html页面，所以我们尽可能使我们的网站上的页面采用静态页面来实现，这个最简单的方法其实也是最有效的方法。但是对于大量内容并且频繁更新的网站，我们无法全部手动去挨个实现，于是出现了我们常见的信息发布系统CMS，像我们常访问的各个门户站 点的新闻频道，甚至他们的其他频道，都是通过信息发布系统来管理和实现的，信息发布系统可以实现最简单的信息录入自动生成静态页面，还能具备频道管理、权 限管理、自动抓取等功能，对于一个大型网站来说，拥有一套高效、可管理的CMS是必不可少的。

　　除了门户和信息发布类型的网站，对于交互性要求很高的社区类型网站来说，尽可能的静态化也是提高性能的必要手段，将社区内的帖子、文章进行实时 的静态化，有更新的时候再重新静态化也是大量使用的策略，像Mop的大杂烩就是使用了这样的策略，网易社区等也是如此。目前很多博客也都实现了静态化，我 使用的这个Blog程序WordPress还没有静态化，所以如果面对高负载访问，www.toplee.com一定不能承受

　　同时，html静态化也是某些缓存策略使用的手段，对于系统中频繁使用数据库查询但是内容更新很小的应用，可以考虑使用html静态化来实现， 比如论坛中论坛的公用设置信息，这些信息目前的主流论坛都可以进行后台管理并且存储在数据库中，这些信息其实大量被前台程序调用，但是更新频率很小，可以 考虑将这部分内容进行后台更新的时候进行静态化，这样避免了大量的数据库访问请求。

　　在进行html静态化的时候可以使用一种折中的方法，就是前端使用动态实现，在一定的策略下进行定时静态化和定时判断调用，这个能实现很多灵活性的操作，我开发的台球网站故人居(www.8zone.cn)就是使用了这样的方法，我通过设定一些html静态化的时间间隔来对动态网站内容进行缓存，达到分担大部分的压力到静态页面上，可以应用于中小型网站的架构上。故人居网站的地址：http://www.8zone.cn，顺便提一下，有喜欢台球的朋友多多支持我这个免费网站:)

2、图片服务器分离
　　大家知道，对于Web服务器来说，不管是Apache、IIS还是其他容器，图片是最消耗资源的，于是我们有必要将图片与页面进行分离，这是基本上大 型网站都会采用的策略，他们都有独立的图片服务器，甚至很多台图片服务器。这样的架构可以降低提供页面访问请求的服务器系统压力，并且可以保证系统不会因为图片问题而崩溃。

　　在应用服务器和图片服务器上，可以进行不同的配置优化，比如Apache在配置ContentType的时候可以尽量少支持，尽可能少的LoadModule，保证更高的系统消耗和执行效率。

　　我的台球网站故人居8zone.cn也使用了图片服务器架构上的分离，目前是仅仅是架构上分离，物理上没有分离，由于没有钱买更多的服务器:)，大家可以看到故人居上的图片连接都是类似img.9tmd.com或者img1.9tmd.com的URL。

　　另外，在处理静态页面或者图片、js等访问方面，可以考虑使用lighttpd代替Apache，它提供了更轻量级和更高效的处理能力。

3、数据库集群和库表散列
　　大型网站都有复杂的应用，这些应用必须使用数据库，那么在面对大量访问的时候，数据库的瓶颈很快就能显现出来，这时一台数据库将很快无法满足应用，于是我们需要使用数据库集群或者库表散列。

　　在数据库集群方面，很多数据库都有自己的解决方案，Oracle、Sybase等都有很好的方案，常用的MySQL提供的Master/Slave也是类似的方案，您使用了什么样的DB，就参考相应的解决方案来实施即可。

　　上面提到的数据库集群由于在架构、成本、扩张性方面都会受到所采用DB类型的限制，于是我们需要从应用程序的角度来考虑改善系统架构，库表散列 是常用并且最有效的解决方案。我们在应用程序中安装业务和应用或者功能模块将数据库进行分离，不同的模块对应不同的数据库或者表，再按照一定的策略对某个 页面或者功能进行更小的数据库散列，比如用户表，按照用户ID进行表散列，这样就能够低成本的提升系统的性能并且有很好的扩展性。sohu的论坛就是采用 了这样的架构，将论坛的用户、设置、帖子等信息进行数据库分离，然后对帖子、用户按照板块和ID进行散列数据库和表，最终可以在配置文件中进行简单的配置 便能让系统随时增加一台低成本的数据库进来补充系统性能。

4、缓存
　　缓存一词搞技术的都接触过，很多地方用到缓存。网站架构和网站开发中的缓存也是非常重要。这里先讲述最基本的两种缓存。高级和分布式的缓存在后面讲述。

　　架构方面的缓存，对Apache比较熟悉的人都能知道Apache提供了自己的mod_proxy缓存模块，也可以使用外加的Squid进行缓存，这两种方式均可以有效的提高Apache的访问响应能力。

　　网站程序开发方面的缓存，Linux上提供的Memcached是常用的缓存方案，不少web编程语言都提供memcache访问接口，php、perl、c和java都有，可以在web开发中使用，可以实时或者Cron的把数据、对象等内容进行缓存，策略非常灵活。一些大型社区使用了这样的架构。

　　另外，在使用web语言开发的时候，各种语言基本都有自己的缓存模块和方法，PHP有Pear的Cache模块和eAccelerator加速和Cache模块，还要知名的Apc、XCache（国人开发的，支持！）php缓存模块，Java就更多了，.net不是很熟悉，相信也肯定有。

5、镜像
　　镜像是大型网站常采用的提高性能和数据安全性的方式，镜像的技术可以解决不同网络接入商和地域带来的用户访问速度差异，比如ChinaNet和 EduNet之间的差异就促使了很多网站在教育网内搭建镜像站点，数据进行定时更新或者实时更新。在镜像的细节技术方面，这里不阐述太深，有很多专业的现 成的解决架构和产品可选。也有廉价的通过软件实现的思路，比如Linux上的rsync等工具。

6、负载均衡
　　负载均衡将是大型网站解决高负荷访问和大量并发请求采用的终极解决办法。

　　负载均衡技术发展了多年，有很多专业的服务提供商和产品可以选择，我个人接触过一些解决方法，其中有两个架构可以给大家做参考。另外有关初级的负载均衡DNS轮循和较专业的CDN架构就不多说了。

6.1 硬件四层交换
　　第四层交换使用第三层和第四层信息包的报头信息，根据应用区间识别业务流，将整个区间段的业务流分配到合适的应用服务器进行处理。　第四层交换功能就 象是虚IP，指向物理服务器。它传输的业务服从的协议多种多样，有HTTP、FTP、NFS、Telnet或其他协议。这些业务在物理服务器基础上，需要 复杂的载量平衡算法。在IP世界，业务类型由终端TCP或UDP端口地址来决定，在第四层交换中的应用区间则由源端和终端IP地址、TCP和UDP端口共 同决定。

　　在硬件四层交换产品领域，有一些知名的产品可以选择，比如Alteon、F5等，这些产品很昂贵，但是物有所值，能够提供非常优秀的性能和很灵活的管理能力。Yahoo中国当初接近2000台服务器使用了三四台Alteon就搞定了。

6.2 软件四层交换
　　大家知道了硬件四层交换机的原理后，基于OSI模型来实现的软件四层交换也就应运而生，这样的解决方案实现的原理一致，不过性能稍差。但是满足一定量的压力还是游刃有余的，有人说软件实现方式其实更灵活，处理能力完全看你配置的熟悉能力。

　　软件四层交换我们可以使用Linux上常用的LVS来解决，LVS就是Linux Virtual Server，他提供了基于心跳线heartbeat的实时灾难应对解决方案，提高系统的鲁棒性，同时可供了灵活的虚拟VIP配置和管理功能，可以同时满 足多种应用需求，这对于分布式的系统来说必不可少。

　　一个典型的使用负载均衡的策略就是，在软件或者硬件四层交换的基础上搭建squid集群，这种思路在很多大型网站包括搜索引擎上被采用，这样的架构低成本、高性能还有很强的扩张性，随时往架构里面增减节点都非常容易。这样的架构我准备空了专门详细整理一下和大家探讨。

总结：
　　对于大型网站来说，前面提到的每个方法可能都会被同时使用到，Michael这里介绍得比较浅显，具体实现过程中很多细节还需要大家慢慢熟悉和体会， 有时一个很小的squid参数或者apache参数设置，对于系统性能的影响就会很大，希望大家一起讨论，达到抛砖引玉之效。

铂程斋--优秀创业者的人的基础

铂程斋--优秀创业者的人的基础:

我们可以从70年代出生的创业者身上去寻找一些相似性，我这里所说的成功创业者，指的是那些可以把自己的公司做到十亿美金以上价值的创业者，虽然公司市值不是一个绝对的衡量标准，但是作为一个相对的衡量标准还是比较可以让人信服的。

这些人包括，分众的江南春、盛大的陈天桥、网易的丁磊、百度的李彦宏等企业家（创业者），也包括岁数再大一点的史玉柱、俞敏洪等，甚至包括大名鼎鼎的盖茨、乔布斯、佩奇等，我们来寻找一下他们的共同点。

1、他们都是内心充满激情但是又非常理性的人，追求结果的同时享受过程，而不是单纯的享受过程；

2、他们做的都是自己最爱的事情，所以早起晚归，每天工作10个小时以上，甚至超过15个小时，一周六七天的工作；

3、他们始终关注自己的产品和服务，并且是产品和服务最好的质检员和改进者；

4、国外的最成功的创业者往往是人生第一次创业，他们可以打破传统，因为他们有很好的法律制度做前提；

5、国内的最成功的创业者往往是先有过工作经历，或者二次创业，他们需要尝试中国商业的“潜规则”。

如果作为一个创业者，我们可以具备以上的条件并几十年如一日的坚持，我想，我们至少具备了60%的成功的要素了，如果创业者按照这样的标准要求自己，我认为想要失败都不太可能（前提是选对了行业）。

IT和互联网的老一辈优秀创业者出生在10月和11月的占据了60%以上，也就是天平座和天蝎座，这也是一个有趣的概率。

提醒：我所说的创业者，除了那些创办企业的人以外，还包括那些希望在企业中实现自己事业梦想的优秀人才。

来源： 李想

阅读笔记:无依无恃-胡因梦 - 新浪BLOG

无依无恃-胡因梦 - 新浪BLOG

选自《转逆境为喜悦》（佩玛·丘卓著，胡因梦译，简体字版已由中国藏学出版社出版）

修行就是要发展出对所有的情绪、处境和人全然接纳的开放心性，也就是毫无阻隔、毫不保留地体验每一样事物，而永远不退缩到自我之中。
——顶果·钦哲仁波切（Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche)

　　佛陀有一次和他的弟子们聚集在灵鹫山，当时他传了一则非常具有革命性的法教——我们存在的本质里有一个开放而无所依恃的境界——传统称之为空性或无量菩提心，又称为般若波罗蜜多。
　　佛陀传授空性的法教有一段时日了。当时在灵鹫山法华会的大弟子之中，有许多人对无常和无我的道理——任何事物包括我们自己在内，都不是坚实的或可以预 料的——已经有了深刻的了悟。他们了悟到执著和贪吝必定导致痛苦。他们从佛陀身上学到了这则真理；他们透过禅定深刻体悟了这件事。但是佛陀知道，我们想找 到坚实立足点的倾向是根深蒂固的。自我会利用任何事物来保有安全感，包括对无常和无实体的信念在内。
　　因此，佛陀做出了一件震撼人心的事。他传授了般若波罗蜜多的教诲，他把弟子们踩在脚下的地毯突然抽走了，于是弟子们进一步地体悟了无依无恃的境界。他 告诉闻法的人，无论心中相信的是什么，都必须彻底放下，因为执著于任何一种对实相的描述，都可能落入圈套。这个讯息对闻法者而言，可不是什么令人欣慰的 话。
　　这件事令我联想起克里希那穆提——这位被通神学会择选出来的救世主。学会的长老们不断告知其他学生，有一天当这位救世主的化身证悟时，他的教诲将是惊 世骇俗而又具有革命性的；他将撼动学生们的信仰根基。其结果确实被长老们料中，但并不完全如他们想像的那样。当克里希那穆提成为“世界明星会”的领袖时， 他召集了全世界的会员，正式宣布解散“世界明星会”。他告诉他们，这个组织对他们是有害的，因为它提供了过于坚实的立足之地。
　　对佛陀的弟子而言，灵鹫山的经验和克氏的学生们所体验的十分类似。佛陀当天传达的主要讯息就是，执著于任何事物，都会障碍住心中的智慧。任何一个被我 们所接纳的论断，都必须彻底放下。全然体悟或修炼菩提心法的方式，就是安住在般若智无量的空性中，耐心地突破我们所有的执著倾向。
　　灵鹫山的法华会上佛陀传授了世人所熟知的《心经》，但事实上他一个字也没说，他进入了甚深禅定，所以当时的传法者其实是观自在菩萨，又称为观世音菩 萨。这位精神勇士代表佛陀，宣讲了自己对般若波罗蜜多的体证。他的洞见并不是以智力作为基础的，而是来自于亲身的体悟。他了了分明地照见万法皆空。接着舍 利子开始向观自在菩萨发问。这才是真正的重点，因为就算佛陀当家作主，大菩萨代为弘法，真理的奥义仍然得透过问答才能厘清。弟子们并不是一味顺服或盲信。
　　舍利子是我们这些为徒者的楷模。他并没有一味接纳自己所听闻的一切，他想亲自探寻真相，因此他问观自在菩萨：“我如何才能将般若智运用在身、口、意之中?这项修持的关键是什么?我应该抱持什么样的观点?”
　　观自在菩萨的回答是佛法中最著名的悖论：“色即是空，空即是色。空不异色，色不异空。”当我第一次听见这句话的时候，完全不知道他要说的是什么。我的 心一下子落空了。他的解说如同般若智的本身，是无法表达、无法言传、无法想像的。如果不投射任何信念于事物之上，那么所谓的“色”只是“如是”罢了。般若 波罗蜜多象征着完全清新而无拘无束的心，它具有无可限量的潜力。
　　般若乃是开放的眼、耳、身、意不经过滤的展现。一行禅师将其诠释成“领悟力”。那是一种流畅无阻的运作过程，而不是可以度量或概括说明的具体事物。
　　这份般若智慧，这个无法言传的东西，是人类共有的经验。它并不是一种安祥的心境或烦扰的心态。它是一种开放、质疑而又毫无偏见的根本智。无论它是以好 奇的、慌张的、惊讶的或放松的形式展现自己，都不是关键所在。因为不论我们的人生是处于手足无措或悬在半空中，我们都要发挥般若智慧。
　　我们要按照创巴仁波切所说的：不要害怕自己像个傻子一样来进行修持。我们要学习与自己的存在直截了当地相处——以爱和恨直截了当地感知血、汗及鲜花。 我们首先要抹去自己的成见，甚至必须放下所有的信念，直截看待所有事物。我们要一直不断地抽走脚下的地毯，如果能观照到色即是空而毫无障碍或遮掩时，便了 悟了事物圆满的本性。但是我们很可能会对这样的体悟上瘾，因为它会让我们从犹豫不决的情绪里解脱，而误以为自己可以凌驾于日常生活的混乱之上。
　　然而“空不异色”又让情势翻转了过来。“空”仍旧持续不断地示现成生、老、病、死、战争与和平、苦恼与喜乐。于是我们又必须面对活着的那份悸动人心的 本质。基于这个理由，所以我们必须修习四无量心中的相对菩提心法，以及自他交换的观想。它们能帮助我们以开放无碍的心全神贯注于活生生的当下。事情有好有 坏，我们无需再添加什么额外的东西了。
　　想像一下自己正在和佛陀交谈。他问道：“你如何观照实相?”我们很诚实地回答：“我将其视为一个坚实的、与我有别的东西。”他的答案是：“不对，再深入地看一看。”
　　于是我们定到一旁开始打坐，很诚恳地深思默观起这个问题。然后我们回到佛陀身边，对他说：“我现在终于知道答案了。万事万物都不是坚实不变的，它们都 是空的。”他回答道：“不对、再深入地看一看。”我们答曰：“不可能再深入了。事物非空即有，只有这两种可能性了，不是吗?”他的答覆仍然是：“不对。” 因为回答问题的人是佛陀，所以我们不得不想一想，“也许我应该再深入一点，才能突破这份不满足感所带来的烦扰。”
　　于是我们再坐下来深思默观这个问题，接着又去参访佛陀，我们告诉他：“我想我现在可以答覆你的问题了。万法皆空亦非空。”他的回答仍然是：“不对。” 可想而知我们一定会觉得无所依恃，甚至有点不知所措。脚下无立足之地是一种非常不舒服的感觉。然而这个过程最重要的就是摘下面具：即使我们感到烦躁不安， 也要贴近地看一看心性固著的本质。既然从佛陀的口中只能得到“不对”的答覆，我们不妨回家花上一年的时间亲自去解开这个谜题。这就像是一则禅宗公案。
　　最后我们一定会回到佛陀身边，并且告诉他：“好了!现在只剩下最后一个答案了。实相的本质是既非存在，亦非不存在的。它是非空非有的。”我们对自己的 答案非常满意。但是佛陀的回答仍然是，“不对，你的了悟太有限了。”就在这个时刻，那一句“不”突然把你的心震开了，你因而体悟到般若波罗蜜多的滋味，而 不再满足于有所住留的状态。
　　观自在菩萨告诉舍利子“色不异空，空不异色”之后，又继续指出，即使是佛陀的教诲也不能执著：无三法印，无苦谛，无灭谛，无无常，亦无解脱。据说佛陀 的弟子们听闻此法之后，有许多人吓得目瞪口呆，甚至心脏病突发。某位西藏老师认为，比较可靠的说法是弟子们纷纷离开了会场，正如通神学会的会员们不接受克 里希那穆提的话语一般。我们都不愿意自己抱持的基本结论遭遇到挑战。
　　不过，假设佛陀当时没有在背后支持观自在菩萨讲法，弟子们还可能为自己的恐惧找到合理的借口：“他只是一名道途上的精神勇士罢了，他跟我们没多大的差 别。虽然他很有智慧、很慈悲，不过还是会犯错。”然而当时佛陀在场，他进入了甚深禅定，了了分明地乐见般若心法被观自在菩萨宣讲了出来。对弟子而言，那真 是一场进退两难之局。
　　受到舍利子的激励，观自在菩萨继续宣讲下去，他教导我们一旦了悟无终极证悟、无究竟解脱、亦无住留之处，我们的心一旦解脱争斗不休的情绪以及人我之分 的信念，就不再恐惧了。多年以前当我第一次听闻此法时，我对任何灵修之道都还没产生兴趣，不过当时心中有一盏小小的灯突然熄灭了：我非得了解一下“没有恐 惧”是什么滋味。
　　般若波罗蜜多从某个层面来看，其实是一则有关无惧的教诲。也就是要我们不再对抗未知和生命的暧昧性，直到恐惧完全消解为止。彻底的无惧就是彻悟的同义 词——亦即全心全意敞开心胸与我们的世界互动，同时训练自己耐心地朝这个方向迈进。我们学着安住于无依无恃的状态，逐渐就能体尝到无惧的滋味了。
　　然后观自在菩萨宣讲了般若波罗蜜多的精髓。也就是无惧的精髓，或是开放之心的精髓。它是以咒语的形式呈现的：唵揭谛揭谛 波罗揭谛波罗僧揭谛菩提萨婆诃。如同种子可以长成大树一般，此咒包含了安住在般若波罗蜜多、安住在无惧境界的整个法教。
　　创巴仁波切将其诠释成“唵，超越，超越，彻底超越，觉醒，如此而已。”这句咒语描述的是永远更加超越的一趟旅程。我们也可以说：“唵，无依无恃，无依无恃，更加无依无恃，甚至超越无依无恃，彻底觉醒，如此而已!”
　　不论处在菩萨道的哪一个阶段，也许是刚开始起步，或是已经修持多年，我们永远都在进一步地涉入更无依无恃的境界。开悟并不是终点。开悟这种彻底觉醒的状态，只是另一个我们一无所知的境界的开端罢了。
　　当这位大菩萨讲完《心经》之后，佛陀从甚深禅定中出定，然后说道：“好极了!好极了!观自在菩萨，你表达得完美极了!”那些没有走出会场或心脏病没发作的人，都感到欢欣鼓舞，他们为自己能听闻无惧之法而感到欢喜万分。

OPEN SOURCE GOD: 480+ Open Source Applications

OPEN SOURCE GOD: 480+ Open Source Applications

Open source software is booming: here we round up over 480 open source applications for you to use or build upon.

Feel free to add more apps in the comments. And don’t forget to subscribe to Mashable for the latest web news and resources. Also see the other entries in this series: ONLINE PRODUCTIVITY GOD, WORDPRESS GOD, ONLINE MEDIA GOD and FIREFOX GOD.

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Accounting

Adaptive Planning Express - An open source solution enabling medium sized companies to automate budgeting and forecasting by moving beyond traditional applications like Excel.

Buddi - A simple budgeting program for users with no financial background.

CheckItOut - A Ruby on Rails application to manage personal money accounts.

FrontAccounting - A professional web-based accounting system for ERP chain; written in PHP with use of MySQL.

GFP - A free java based personal finance manager with the ability to run on any operating system.

GnuCash - Open source financial accounting software to manage personal and small business expenses and incomes.

Gnumeric - A free spreadsheet program for the GNOME desktop providing several customization features and import/export facility from other spreadsheet programs.

Grisbi - Grisbi is an open source personal finance manager developed to run on any platform and suit the needs of all users.

jGnash - jGnash is an open source personal finance manager that will help you monitor and keep track of your accounts, including investments.

KmyMoney - Easy to use, accurate open source personal finance manager built to suit the needs of non-technical users. It provides all the features available in a commercial application.

Librepos - A multi-user POS application designed for touch screens, customer displays and barcode scanners.

NOLA - An integrated, all-in-one package for an organization’s inventory, POS, accounting, contact management, billing etc.

TurboCASH - Flexible small business accounting software fulfilling the major needs of any business.

Content Management Systems

80 + Open Source Content Management Systems - A complete roundup of Open Source CMSs from Mashable.

CRM (Customer Relationship Management)

Anteil - Cost effective open source solution for managing and improving customer relationships.

CitrusDB - CitrusDB is a PHP & MySQL based open source customer database solution.

CiviCRM - The world’s first downloadable constituent relationship management system; fund raising software that allows users to manage information about donors, volunteers etc.

Compiere - Offers integrated ERP and CRM suite that enables users to automate the financial, distribution and other needs of their businesses.

Daffodil CRM - Organized and effective way of managing cost-effective customer relationships.

Hipergate - Serving developers, consultants and enterprises to assist them in project management, sales force automation and customer relationship management.

IGSuite - A web-based integrated CRM suite that includes solutions like mailing lists, calendar, contact management and task lists.

Keen CRM/ERP - An advanced, feature packed, comprehensive customer relationship management solution for small companies.

Ohioedge CRM - Ohioedge CRM is an enterprise level open source CRM solution.

OpenCRM - OpenCRM is an open source CRM solution for tracking clients and project management.

OpenCRX - A cross platform professional CRM solution with bug tracking and activity management features.

SellWinCRM - An open source CRM project giving a high level of customization for customers.

SourceTap CRM - SourceTap CRM is a flexible sales force automation solution developed to meet the requirements of sales managers and representatives.

SugarCRM - An open source CRM solution allowing users to track opportunities and manage existing customers while keeping a check on other activities.

Turquoise CRM - Lightweight CRM software built over LAMP with Business Intelligence functionality.(LAMP=Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP)

Tustena CRM - Tustena is an enterprise level open source CRM solution written in C#.

vtiger CRM - Built over LAMP/WAMP, Vtiger provides excellent business enhancement utilities and is compatible with multiple platforms.(Wamp就是Windos Apache Mysql PHP集成安装环境)

XRMS CRM - XRMS is an advanced level open source CRM solution that includes a Business Intelligence suite and advanced plugin architecture.(BI整个体系架构中包括：终端用户查询和报告工具、OLAP工具、数据挖掘（Data Mining）软件、数据仓库（Data Warehouse）和数据集市（Data Mart）产品、联机分析处理 (OLAP) 等工具)

Desktop Environments/ Shell replacements

bbLean - A new version of Blackbox for Windows.

BlackBox For Windows - An alternative shell for Windows that is based stylistically on the Blackbox window manager for the X Window system.

Blueberry 3D-Desktop - Made using Delphi; its main objective is a 3D OPENGL engine in replacement of the Windows desktop.

CyGNOME - A nice tool which ports GNOME desktop to Windows.

DM2 - Provides useful enhancements for Windows in daily work like minimizing windows to floating icons, freeing the taskbar etc.

Geoshell - A shell replacement for Windows that replaces the standard desktop interface items like start menu, taskbar, system tray etc.

KDE-Cygwin - KDE’s port in Windows desktop environment.

LiteStep - A powerful Windows shell replacement under GPL and inspired by AfterStep.

SharpEnvironment - A tool that enables users to personalize every pixel of visible space and customize a single theme in multiple ways with real-time wallpaper effects, icon sets etc.

Virtual Dimension - A fast and fully featured virtual desktop manager that acts as an enhancement to the Windows manager.

xoblite / Blackbox for Windows - An advanced level Blackbox for Windows that is integrated with a system bar.

Email Clients

Columba - A java based email client featuring a user friendly graphical interface.

Daffodil Organizer - Highly flexible way to organize emails; includes import facility from Microsoft Outlook.

Evolution - More popularly billed as the Outlook of Linux, its calendar, address book and other features make it a good option as an email client.

ICEMail - Open source java client with support for the latest email standards.

Mahogany - Cross platform email client supporting UNIX and Win32 platforms.

Mutt - A small and powerful text based email client for UNIX operating systems.

Penelope - The open source version of Eudora currently under beta and planned for full release by this year.

Phoenix Mail - One of the older open source email clients developed using Borland Delphi.

Sylpheed-Claws - An open source email client with an interface similar to Outlook Express; works as an RSS feed reader too.

Thunderbird - A secure email client with several customization options to fit the user’s needs.

Zimbra - Zimbra is currently one of the biggest names in open source, and is the future collaborating and messaging software. Now owned by Yahoo.

Encoding, Conversion & Ripping Tools

Alba Extractor - Alba Extractor is a useful utility for wrapping various mp3 files into one unit for ease of sharing on programs like NapShare etc.

Audacity - Audacity is an open source, cross platform audio editor and is a good solution for creating and editing podcasts.

Avidemux - A free video editor for tasks like cutting and filtering; has support for file types like AVI, DVD etc.

AviSynth - A powerful tool for editing and processing videos.

BonkEnc - A useful application for ripping CDs, encoding and converting audio files to various formats. Users can produce mp3, mp4, FLAC files to name a few.

CD-DA X-Tractor - An open-source CD ripper for 32-bit windows platforms that offers extremely high quality.

CDex - A popular open source digital audio CD extractor.

DivFix - DivFix is a utility for watching partially downloaded DivX movies.

DivXRepair - Based on the VirtualDub model, it cuts off the bad parts and re-assembles the AVI file.

Dr. DivX - The goal of Dr. DivX open source project is to create a portable application with the capability of transcoding many video formats.

DScaler - The DScaler project is an effort to receive top quality videos from Windows computers.

DVD2AVIdg/MPEG2DECdg Decoding Fix - An MPEG decoder suite used for decoding MPEG1 or MPEG2 streams from sources such as DVD VOBs.

DVDx - Popular DVD backup software that converts DVDx movies to high quality DVD movies.

FFmpeg - A complete recording, conversion and streaming solution for audio and video.

GiantDisc - GiantDisc is an open source software package designed to manage thousands of audio tracks.

GNUMP3d - Open source server for streaming mp3s and media.

Gordian Knot - Gordian Knot is an integrated Bit rate calculator package tool for Divx/XviD encoding.

GramoFile - A CD recording utility running on Linux and some other operating systems like UNIX. It enables users to put sounds from gramophone records on CD.

HGRip - A one click solution for converting DVD to XVID files.

JMAC - JMAC is an open source Java implementation library of Monkey’s Audio compression decoder.

LAME - LAME is an MP3 encoder.

Mixere - Mixere is a free, open-source application for mixing audio files. It runs on Windows NT/2000/XP, and supports WAV, AIFF, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC and Mod audio files.

MMConvert - A multimedia format converter useful for converting media files from one format like AVI/WMV to another format.

mpgtx - A command line MPEG audio/video toolbox useful for joining audio and video files which include MP3, MPEG1, MPEG2 etc.

Mp3splt - A terrific utility to split MP3 and Ogg files from anywhere without decoding.

Mp3Wrap - A useful alternative to wrap two or more mp3 files into a single large mp3 without the loss of file names and other information.

Musepack - A high quality audio compression format.

MusicBrainz Tagger - Provides a database to create a comprehensive music information site. It can be accessed via the client or the internet.

NanDub + BRC - NanDub+BRC includes a bitrate calculator and offers users several advantages as their need for opening separate pieces of software is eliminated.

Open Sound World - A scalable programming environment allowing musicians, researchers and sound engineers to process sound.

OptimFROG - OptimFROG is a zipping utility for audio compression programs; used to reduce the size of audio files.

ShrinkTo5 - A cross platform open source DVD copy engine; allows users to create copies.

SmartRipper - A useful utility for extracting DVD VOB files; loaded with nice features for splitting VOB files, angle processing etc.

Taksi - Taksi allows users to take screenshots and record videos of favorite games and 3D-graphics applications.

Virtual VCR - A compact video capture application designed to work with TV tuner and video capture cards.

WavPack - WavPack is a high quality audio compression format and provides lossless compression.

YAAI - One of the best tools to display information about AVI files; enables users to see data like framerate, used codes, author information etc.

ERP

ADempiere Bazaar - Adempiere is a community for open source developers contributing improvements of various applications like Compiere, Helpdesk and Supply Chain etc.

JERPA - JERPA is a Java based advanced level architecture model for ERP software.

JFire - An exchange platform including ERP, CRM and accounting written in Java.

Openbravo ERP - A web based ERP for small and medium enterprises; built on proven MVC architecture facilitating code maintenance and customization.

opentaps - An open source ERP and CRM suite including eCommerce, inventory, warehouse, ledger etc.

Postbooks - A fully integrated ERP solution for small and medium businesses; features a graphical client which runs on Linux, Mac and Windows.

Plazma - Plazma is a Java based ERP and CRM solution.

Sequoia Open Source ERP - The flexible ERP software from Sequoia brings advanced features and scalability for enterprise software along with low TCO.

Tiny ERP - Packed with features like GTK2 client, distributed server, dynamic GUI.

Value - Value is an open source ERP/CRM system and features modular capabilities along with seamless integration.

webERP - webERP is flexible integrated business management software that covers accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory management and other accounting requirements.(侧重财务方面)

Wyatt - Wyatt is a cross platform ERP package written in Java with J2EE compliance.

Filesharing & FTP

ABC - An enhanced client for the BitTorrent file sharing protocol.

Ares - A file sharing utility enabling users to share digital files like images, audio, video, software and documents.

Azureus - Java enabled BitTorrent protocol packed with special features for beginners and advanced users.

BT++ - An advanced version of the BitTorrent peer-to-peer file sharing protocol with cross-platform support; written in Python.

Cabos - Cabos has an intuitive user interface and is a Gnutella file sharing program based on Limewire.

CoreFTP - A FTP program that enables uploading/downloading/deletion of files and directories, integration with browser, file permission handling etc.

cURL - A command line utility allowing file transfer via FTP, LDAP etc. Users can also use the GET and PUT methods for file downloading and uploading.

Cyberduck - An open source FTP client with support for drag and drop, uploading and downloading, remote file transfer etc.

DC++ - Windows based open source client for unrestricted file sharing over the internet.

eMule-Project.net - A reliable and trusted peer-to-peer file sharing application allowing users to connect from different clients.

FileZilla - FileZilla is a free, fast and reliable open source FTP solution for Windows.

Freenet Project - A free and secure decentralized network of information publishers and consumers.

FrostWire - A completely open source peer to peer client; features community chat room and iTunes integration.

Fugu - An open source graphical front end for secure file transfer; provides support for Mac operating system.

G3 Torrent - A BitTorent client written in Python.

Gnucleus - One of the oldest Windows based open source peer to peer file sharing clients related to Gnutella.

HeavyMole - An advanced level peer to peer file sharing application with features like distributed chat, filtering of answers and advanced query language.

iFTP - i.FTP is a Windows FTP client that comes with source code. There is also an earlier version for BeOS that works with portable media like USB keys.

JFtp - JFtp is a graphical Java network and file transfer client.

KazaaSearch - Search for music, software, images & video with this powerful peer to peer file sharing client.

KCeasy - The windows version of giFT filesharing system that also offers support for other filesharing networks.

Krimpy - An IRC based (internet relay chat) open source file sharing client enabling users to share music, pictures, videos and other files.

Lime Wire - A multi-platform Gnutella file sharing client enabling users to share their files, download MP3s and other audio files.

MLdonkey - 100% open source cross-platform P2P client running on Linux, UNIX, Windows and Mac.

MUTE - A secure, peer to peer file sharing network with easy search and download functionality.

MyNapster - Comes with connection capability to Gnutella for file sharing, IRC for chatting and supports resumption & multithreading of downloads.

NetMess - Has the ability to detect clones and work through HTTP proxy and firewalls.

Prozilla- An open source Linux download accelerator that provides download support via HTTP and FTP protocols.

Shareaza - A flexible file sharing system consolidating features from four different networks: EDonkey2000, Gnutella, BitTorrent, Gnutella2.

TAC2 - Expanded as Tango & Catch 2 (TAC2), works as a search engine independent client for searching on Linux and Windows.

TorrentSpy - Gives BitTorrent power-users all the information in one place along with real time ability to monitor the number of live users.

Waste - Secure collaboration tool allowing idea & data sharing between users through a chat interface.

WinSCP - Another open source SFTP & FTP client for Windows; provides safe file copying between local and remote computers.

XNap - Written in Java, XNap provides a plug-in enabled framework and client for P2P applications.

Graphics-Design & Modeling Tools

Ajax Image Editor - Open source image editor using PHP.

ArgoUML - ArgoUML is a popular open source UML modeling tool compatible with any Java platform.

Avidemux - A simple video editor with support for DVD/DivX conversion and editing.

Blender - 3D animation and modeling suite with various tools for modeling.

Bluefish - A powerful editor for programmers and web designers enabling them to write websites, scripts and programming code.

BRL-CAD - An open source CAD system centered on constructive solid geometry (CSG) modelling.

Cinelerra - A professional open source video editing tool with features for capturing, editing and compositing.

CinePaint - Professional graphical editing application targeted towards the movie industry.

Cornice - Cross platform image viewer initially developed for Linux; similar in functionality to ACDSee.

Dia - Open source drawing tool for UML diagrams, similar in functionality to ‘Visio’.

Flowchart Studio - Allows the user to draw a flowchart through graphical editor.

F-Spot - A feature rich personal photo management application for GNOME desktops.

Gaphor - Simple modeling environment that enables users to create intuitive UML diagrams for documentation purposes.

Gimp - The oldest, and most famous, open source graphic application with over 100 plug-ins and powerful paint tools.

Gimpshop - Gimpshop changes menus and dialogs in a manner similar to its competitor, Photoshop.

GQview - A lightweight image viewer with easy navigation, zoom and thumbnail preview features.

i.Mage - i.Mage is a handy graphics editor featuring easy pixel & image editing.

ImageMagick - Allows for the creation, editing and composition of bitmap images.

imgSeek - imgSeek is a photo management and viewing application with search support.

Imgv - An open source, feature rich image viewer providing support for a variety of image formats.

Inkscape - An open source vector graphics editor similar in functionality to Illustrator. It provides support for all drawing features like any commercial product.

Inquisitor - A fast visual web picture ripper, downloader and offline browser.

Jahshaka - Powerful open source movie editor with real time media playback and visual effects.

Karbon - Part of the open source KOffice suite, makes a great choice as a vector drawing application.

Kino - An open source non-linear video editor that comes with easy importing of DV video and provides video and audio transition effects.

khtml2png - A command line utility for creating PNG and JPEG images out of web pages.

Krita - An open source image editing and painting program with advanced features.

KToon - 2D animation toolkit with focus towards animation industry.

NVU - A complete cross platform web authoring system which makes it very simple to create web pages and manage a website without any technical expertise.

OpenLaszlo - An excellent development environment for web applications as it can generate Macromedia and AJAX files for webpage use.

Paint.NET - .NET based open source bitmap application with an intuitive user interface for drawing and editing.

Page Scavenger - A simple Windows application useful for downloading images from free hosting services via webpage links.

Pixie - Open source RenderMan renderer.

Potrace - An open source project useful for converting bitmap images to raster or vector drawings.(adobe illustrator?)

QCad Community Edition - A simple, easy to use open source 2D CAD application.

Quanta Plus - A feature rich web development environment.

Seashore - A basic open source image editor with simple functionality and features.

Scribus - Open source cross-platform desktop publishing application.

Skencil - A flexible open source, interactive vector drawing application for illustrations, diagrams and other purposes.

Synfig - An open source 2d vector animation program for artists to assist them with making cartoons.

UFRaw - Unidentified Flying Raw is an open source photo converter that can be used as a standalone application or as a plug-in.

VirtualDub - An open source video capture and processing utility with basic features.

Violet - Violet is an easy to learn and use open source UML editor.

Xara Xtreme - Powerful, general purpose graphics application for Linux and other UNIX platforms.

Media Players

AlsaPlayer - AlsaPlayer is a new type of PCM player for Linux/Unix featuring fully pluggable framework for various media types.

Amarok - Audio player for Linux.

Cog - Quite often referred to as a potential iTunes alternative; an interesting open source audio player with support for various formats.

Coolplayer - A fast audio player for the Win32 environment.

Delphamp - Delphi based open source media player. Like a Winamp clone, also features support for Winamp skins.

DigitalDJ - DigitalDJ is a front-end MP3 player based on SQL. It can create playlists and manage CD databases in MP3 format.

Foobar2000 - Advanced level Windows based audio player with support for Unicode and popular audio formats.

Gamp - Gamp is a Gnome audio player written in C and includes support for MP3, Ogg, vorbis etc.

Grip - Grip is a CD-player and ripper for the Gnome desktop, and features an automated front end for MP3 encoders.

Guliverkli - Its interface is similar to Windows media player, however it also offers advanced features like switching of audio streams in mp4 files.

HelixPlayer - An open source media player for various operating systems like Linux, Solaris and Symbian.

Juice - Juice is a premier podcast receiver and allows users to capture and receive podcasts anytime.

Media Player Classic - An advanced version of Windows Media Player 6.4; offers features like real time zoom, support for AVI subtitles and support for QuickTime and Real video.

Mixxx - An open source DJ mixing tool, very useful for professional and amateur DJs.

Miro - The only video player which provides you with the option to download YouTube videos, play video files and play live Internet TV.

MPlayer - Written in Python; one of the best media players under the GNU-GPL license.

MP3Gain - MP3Gain assists users by normalizing the volume of mp3 files; it also does statistical analysis to determine the loudness of a file to the human ear.

musikCube - MP3 player based on embedded SQL database engine and packed with innovative features.

NotifyCD - NotifyCD is a small system tray based CDDB supporting CD player for Windows 9x/NT/2000.

OggPlay - OggPlay is an open source audio player for smart phones.

Plainamp - Plainamp is an open source media player for Microsoft Windows.

SnackAmp - A music player running on multiple platforms; features a web server and powerful playlist.

Songbird - Songbird is a multi-utility open source application; acts as a desktop web player, a jukebox, and a web browser.

SysTrayPlay - Also known as STP, ths is a small MP3 player program with a grey button in the taskbar that occupies very little memory.

VLC media player - Highly portable cross platform multimedia player & streaming server with support for variety of audio and video formats.

Vorbis.com - Open source professional audio encoding and streaming technology.

XboxMediaPlayer - XboxMediaPlayer is an open source multimedia player from Microsoft useful for viewing various video/audio/picture files like VOB, AVI, MP3 etc.

xine - Xine is an open source multimedia player for playing CDs, DVDs and streaming multimedia over the internet.

Zinf - Powerful and effective audio player for Linux and Windows. Supports various file formats such as MP3, Ogg and WAV and also features a download manager and a music browser.

Messengers & Communication Clients

Adium - Mac OS X open source instant messaging client that aggregates the popular IM networks.

aMSN - MSN Messenger’s open source clone for Linux users.

Ayttm - Ayttm is an instant messaging client with all-in-one chat functionality for major instant messaging services.

Coccinella - A Jabber client with integrated whiteboard features; includes features like file transfer, multi-user chat etc.

Kopete - Part of KDE desktop; a wonderful instant messaging application with voice and video capabilities.

Gaim - A very flexible instant messaging application compatible with Linux and Windows offering support for AIM, ICQ, MSN, Yahoo and others.

Ineen - Ineen is a feature loaded open source audio and video conferencing desktop tool.

IRSIM - Uses PHP and mySQL and provides interaction with multiple messaging clients.

Java Jabber Server - A nice open source Java implementation of Jabber instant messenger.

Kopete - Kopete is a flexible instant messenger and multi protocol system with support for AIM, Yahoo, IRC and MSN.

Licq - A C++ based multi-threaded ICQ clone; uses an extensive plug-in system.

MIMP - Mobile version of IMP; functionality includes mailbox viewing, message viewing, deletion or composition of new messages.

Miranda IM - Fast and handy multi-protocol messenger for Windows.

Openfire & Spark - Real time cross-platform IM client and server based on Jabber protocol.

Pidgin - Covers multiple protocols including AIM, ICQ, MSN, IRC, Jabber etc.

PlanetaMessenger.org - Java based open source instant messenger offering plug-in support for various IM networks.

Psi-im - An open source instant messaging client developed for Jabber. Has communication capabilities with AIM, MSN and ICQ etc.

SIM-IM (SIM Instant Messenger) - Free software package providing plug-in based messaging with support for various protocols.

Spark - Open source instant messenger with integrated support for group chat, telephony and security.

TjK - A portal based open source version of AOL Instant Messenger, originally developed for UNIX users.

Tkabber - Open source client for Jabber instant messaging and works on many platforms e.g. Linux, Windows and Mac etc.

WengoPhone - WengoPhone is a popular VOIP soft-phone client for making free PC-to-PC calls over the internet.

XChat - An IRC chat client for both Windows and Linux.

Yafumato Web Messenger - A web-based open source client allowing users to connect to AIM, Gtalk, MSN and Yahoo.

PDF drivers & Tools

CC PDF Converter - Enables users to convert Word, Excel, IE and any other file formats to PDF.

Evince - Evince is a document viewer with support for multiple document formats including PDF.

Jarnal - Jarnal is an open-source application enabling annotation of a document.

okular - A universal document viewer based on KPDF for KDE.

PDFCreator - Create PDF files from just about any Windows utility.

PDF Download - A Firefox extension for improving your surfing experience. A click on a PDF file link enables you to view it inside or outside Firefox.

Pdftk - Pdftk is a command line utility allowing users to merge PDF documents, split PDF documents and do many other things.

qvPDF - Windows based PDF creator implemented as a printer driver.

Sumatra PDF - A simple and fast application to view PDF files.

Xpdf - An open source PDF viewer for the UNIX operating system. Also works under Windows as a command line tool.

Personal Information & Task Managers

Aethera - Aethera is a PIM application with communication features like send/receive email, send/receive tasks and appointment requests etc.

Chandler - Turns your inbox into a task list.

KAddressBook - An address book application for the K Desktop environment.

Kontact - Supports news, email, calendars, to-do list; a personal information manager for KDE.

KOrganizer - A personal organizer of the KDE desktop environment; has the ability to manage calendars and to do list.

Nag - Nag is a task list manager for multiple users and allows them to create many task lists which can be shared between users and groups.

OneOrZero - Easy to customize cross platform, enterprise level task management and help desk solution.

OpenSync - Open source synchronization framework for managing PIM data such as contacts, calendar, tasks and notes.

PTM - An open source time tracking tool.

Task Blocks - A simple task scheduling application to ensure that user tasks do not overlap.

Task Coach - Task Coach is an open source personal task manager providing features to deal with complex tasks.

TaskFreak - Simple web-based task manager written in PHP.

Total Text Container - An open source information manager; stores notes, passwords, images, calendar events etc.

Project Management

Achievo - Easy to use and customize open source web-based project management application for business environments.

AgileTrack - Java based application for monitoring and tracking activities in a software development environment.

ASTS - A set of web based management tools for recording project activities and tasks.

Austin - A command line utility for manipulating project timelines in XML.

dotproject - Open source Project Management application developed and supported by a group of volunteers.

Double Choco Latte - A basic project management application used to track the history of work orders, projects, accounts etc.

eHour - User friendly web-based tool for keeping track of time based activities; ideal for consulting companies.

FreeMind - A mind mapping application useful for brainstorming sessions.

FUTURe - A time management application for individuals and groups.

Ganttproject - Written in Java, and using XML file format; enables project planning through a Gantt chart.

JIRA - JIRA is a project management & task achievement application for making team processes easy.

jxProject.com - Cross platform project management tool with sharing options.

IPM - A simple project management application built in PHP4 and requiring Apache 1.3x and MySQL.

Memoranda - For users handling multiple projects on a daily basis Memoranda is an ideal tool.

NetOffice - An online project management application for managing tasks, projects, team tracking and collaboration between teams.

Open Workbench - Excellent Windows-based application providing project scheduling functionality for enterprise users.

Planner - Project management tool for the Gnome desktop that is useful for project scheduling, planning and tracking.

phpCollab - An open-source internet-collaboration tool for project teams allowing them to share information amongst each other.

project-open - A web-based project management system for small consulting and service companies. Covers sales, project planning, collaboration and CRM.

Projectory - Projectory is an open source web based project management tool for tracking software projects through development phases.

Projman - A project management tool for reading project descriptions and their scheduled tasks.

Rapla - Highly configurable event and resource management application primarily targeted towards universities.

Taskjuggler - A powerful tool with redefined approach towards project planning activities, taking it far beyond the commonly available tools for Gantt charts.

Trac - Wiki and issue management system for software development projects.

TrackIt - An open source web based project tracking tool to maximize flexibility and customization.

TUTOS - Organization management tool for satisfying the requirements of small groups, teams and departments.

User Story .NET - A tool for extreme programming projects in user story tracking.

WebCollab - An easy to use collaborative project management system enabling users to work together.

WebPBC - Web-based project management tool for small businesses to do budget allocation of projects.

XPlanner - Another web-based project management tool for eXtreme programming (XP) software development practices.

Reporting Tools

BIRT Project - An Eclipse-based reporting system.

DataVision - A reporting tool that works with any database and generates customized reports.

Jasper Reports - A leading open source reporting engine delivering rich screen content and printer into various file formats: PDF, HTML and XLS etc.

JERT - JavaEye Reporting Tool is a web-based database reporting tool with sharing features. It enables users to create flexible reports without any programming knowledge.

iReport - iReport is an easy to use visual report builder designed and written purely in Java.

openi.org - Pronounced as “open eye”, this is a web-based open source OLAP reporting tool enabling organizations of different sizes to manage and organize their data.

OpenSMART - Similar to Tivoli, a monitoring and data reporting tool for servers.

Pentaho - Open source business intelligence tool enabling organizations to operate more effectively by providing reporting, analysis, workflow capabilities.

Rapid - I - Offers all types of data mining services (from analysis to customization) helping customers to improve their profitability and efficiency.

SpagoBI - Focused business intelligence solution for the enterprise providing complete set of analytics (e.g. reporting, data mining, dashboards etc.)

xTuple - Open source SQL report writer compatible with Windows, Linux and Mac.

RSS

Aggie - Aggie is a desktop based open-source news aggregator that downloads the latest news in a webpage.

AmphetaDesk - A cross platform, open source news aggregator that downloads news items on the user’s desktop.

BlogBridge - A powerful and flexible desktop based open source feed reader for Windows, Linux and Mac.

BottomFeeder - RSS news aggregator client written in Smalltalk and compatible with Linux, Windows, Mac and Solaris.

Gregarious - A web-based RSS/RDF/Atom feed reader designed for users to run on their own web server.

JRssReader - A fast, Java based RSS & RDF reader; offers compatibility with multiple platforms.

NewsFeed - Flexible RSS/RDF/Atom aggregator for different operating systems like Linux, MacOS and FreeBSD.

NRss - an “open source Microsoft .NET Framework / Mono class library for reading a RSS feed into a tree of objects mapped to elements in the RSS feed.”

RSSOwl - Java-based open source news reader.

Syndirella - Syndirella is an open source desktop information aggregator providing a user friendly environment for reading information from multiple sources or feeds.

ThinFeeder - Very powerful and tiny open source aggregator for RSS/Atom developed in Java language.

System Utilities

7-Zip - High-compression open source archive utility for Windows with support for 7z, ZIP, GZIP, TAR files etc.

Amanda - Network backup solution.

Bacula - Set of open source computer programs for managing network backup system for Linux/Unix, Mac and Windows clients.

BiGZip - Free compression utility based in Java.

Burn - An open-source CD and DVD burning application allowing users to create audio, data and video disks in different file formats.

CamStudio - Open screen casting application allowing users to capture audio and video and store it later for playback.

CDRDAO - Open-source tool with advanced features for recording audio or data CDs.

coLinux - Cooperative Linux allows users to run Linux parallel to Windows on any machine.

Cream - An open source text editor with interactive user interface, pull-down menus etc.

G4U - Open source cross-platform hard disk image cloning application.

GrenEye - A file slicing and compression utility.

GNU zip - A compression utility.

GParted - Fantastic open source partition manager with direct boot facility option from CD or USB.

Handbrake - A multiplatform DVD to MPEG-4 converter/ripper with ability to process unencrypted and whole DVD files.

InfraRecorder - A freeware CD/DVD burning application for Windows.

Info-ZIP - Provides high quality, portable versions of zip files compatible with DOS.

Inno Setup - Another open source installer for Windows applications with integrated Pascal scripting engine.

InstallJammer - Useful for creating self-contained cross platform installation packages.

jEdit - A cross platform open source text editor written in Java with consolidated features from major editors.

Emacs - An extensible, customizable, self-documenting open source text editor.

K3b - An open source application for creating/burning CDs and DVDs; packed with features like DVD encoding, copying and audio CD creation.

Launch4j - An open source wrapper for jar files that supports Mac, Linux and Solaris.

Nagios - An open source network monitoring service for hosts, networks and services which use plug-ins.

NeDi - Open source network discovery, inventory & management framework utilizing scheduled discovery for network examination.

Notepad++ - An open source alternative to Microsoft Notepad with features well suited to development and design.

NSIS - A flexible open source tool for developing Windows installers.

Open-source ARJ - A cross-platform open source implementation of the popular ARJ archiver.

OpenNMS - A network management platform for monitoring services and their hosts.

OpenVZ - A terrific alternative to any commercial visualization offering; offered only on Linux.

Pandora FMS - Complete network and node monitoring solution composed of three parts: agents, server and console.

Partition Image - Disk cloning Linux utility helping users to create an image of partitions. The image file can be compressed, split and it is compatible with Linux and Windows.

SciTE - An open source text editor enabling developers to edit code.

UPX - A high-performance packaging utility with a high compression ratio for different executable formats.

VirtualBox - A high performance, feature rich, open source visualisation product for enterprise as well as home use.

Wireshark - Top quality network protocol analyser enabling users to capture LAN packets.

Xen - A high performance open source enterprise visualisation solution.

Xming - X-Windows server for Windows; has all the features of a commercial product.

Xvidcap - Linux based screencast application allowing users to capture portions or the entire screen of a Linux desktop.

Zenoss - A top class network and system monitoring solution with all the features of a commercial monitoring system.

Zzip - A compression tool with the ability to compress files with a high compression ratio.

Office

AbiWord - Has an interface that is very similar to Microsoft Word for easy migration; also allows importing and exporting from Microsoft Word.

Agnubis - The PowerPoint of GNOME; comes with easy integration options with other packages in GNOME office suite.

Andrew User Interface System (Andrew) - A popular graphical user interface system integrated with word processor, an html editor and browser.

AxPoint - Presentation tools from the developers of Apache AxKit.

Bruce - Presentation tool for Python programmers allowing them to code and create interactive PowerPoint sessions.

Imposter - Imposter is a standalone viewer for viewing presentations created by Impress software.

Impress - Fantastic tool for creating multimedia presentations with 2D and 3D effects.

Kivio - A part of KOffice suite; helps users in flowcharting, network diagrams and other graphics needs.

KPresenter - The presentation package bundled with KDE project; powerful and fully featured.

KWord - A word processor with a frame-based layout capability; part of the open source office suite KOffice.

MagicPoint - A presentation tool based on X11; very useful for making simple presentations which can be easily edited by any text editor.

NeoOffice - A special version of OpenOffice for the Mac.

S5 - A simple slideshow system having easily accessible markup. It can easily adapt to user themes and enables you to create your own slideshow themes.

WebHuddle - An open-source web conferencing and presentation tool with support for VOIP, chat and PowerPoint.

Web Browsers

Browser3D - An interactive web browser enabling users to interact with a real 3D environment and add their own 3D environment.

Camino - The functionality and features of this powerful browser match the capabilities of Safari.

CxBrowser - A useful open source web browser implemented under Mozilla Activex control component and written entirely in C#.

Epiphany - Developed for the GNOME computer desktop; competes with KDE for Linux.

Galeon - The first web browser for GNOME computer desktop; now comes as an extension to Epiphany.

K-Meleon - Perfect web-browser for operating systems which are incompatible with Mozilla or Firefox suite of browsers.

Konqueror - Part of the K Desktop Environment (KDE); a great browser for Linux with similar features to Firefox.

Lynx - Cross platform browser compatible with UNIX, Windows and Mac.

Mozilla Firefox - Fast, powerful and secure web browser compatible with Linux and Windows.